What is a workstation?
Workstations are high-performance computer systems largely designed for a single user and feature advanced graphics capabilities, large storage capacity and a powerful microprocessor (central processing unit). A workstation is more powerful than a personal computer (PC), but less sophisticated than a mid-range computer that can handle a large network of PCs or workstations and handle immense data processing and reporting tasks. The term "workstation" is sometimes also used to describe terminals without processing capabilities that are connected to mainframe computers.
What elements does a workstation contain?
Most workstation microprocessors utilise a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architecture as opposed to the more complex instruction set computing (CISC) used in most computers. Because it reduces the number of instructions permanently stored in the microprocessor, RISC architecture streamlines and accelerates data processing. A consequence of this feature is that the application software run by workstations will need to include more instructions and more complexity than CISC architecture applications.
Workstation microprocessors typically offer 32-bit addressing (indicating data processing speed) compared to the exponentially slower 16-bit systems found in most PCs. Some high-end workstations utilise 64-bit processors, which have four billion more data addressing capacity than 32-bit machines.
What are workstations used for?
Their raw processing power makes high-end workstations compatible with high-resolution or three-dimensional graphical interfaces, sophisticated multi-key software and gives them advanced communication capabilities with other computers. Workstations are typically used to perform computationally heavy scientific or engineering work. Applications have also been found in complex financial and business tasks. In addition, high-end workstations often serve a network of connected "client" PCs that use resident tools and applications to access and manipulate data stored on the workstation.
How does a workstation differ from a regular PC?
The primary distinction between PCs and workstations has traditionally been the latter's advanced graphics and data processing capabilities. However, the inclusion of advanced graphical interfaces, powerful microprocessors and the integration of RISC technology into high-end PCs has made them difficult to distinguish from low-end workstations. Similarly, high-end 64-bit workstations closely mimic the processing power of some mid-range computer systems. This has also meant that the price difference has narrowed significantly.
Should I buy a workstation or a PC?
Here you need to ask yourself what it will cost you in terms of downtime to deal with issues arising from a low-performing computer. Depending on the hourly cost of running your business, in some cases it could end up costing as much as a workstation would have.
