What types of spyware are there?
Different types of spyware collect information in different ways. Here are three types:
Adware: Collects usage data by displaying adverts during internet browsing. It is not necessarily malicious, but becomes so when it collects data about users without their consent.
Tracking spyware: Like much spyware, tracking spyware blurs the line between legitimate data collection and privacy invasion. "Consent" is often given to it through terms and conditions that are often long and difficult to understand.
Keyloggers: This kind of spyware secretly records every keystroke on a given page. It is typically used to steal login information or payment information.
How does spyware work and why is it a threat?
As also seen above, different types of spyware can often blur the line between legitimate or at least not illegal data collection and that which undermines a user's online privacy. In many cases, a user has given consent to have their online activity tracked by agreeing to certain terms and conditions or a site's cookie policy. For example, adware more generally refers to a platform that automates the placement of online adverts, thereby generating revenue for its creator. Many of us wouldn't recognise our favourite websites without this kind of adware.
Spyware crosses the threshold to become malware when a user's activity is tracked without their consent. Malicious spyware has the potential to slow down your computer, generate unwanted and explicit pop-ups or pass on information about your browsing habits to a third party.
Some of the most harmful spyware is that which exists on your computer undetected. Unlike malware specifically designed to harm a device, spyware is most successful when undetected.
How can you protect your computer from spyware?
As with most malware, there are some best practices you can follow to avoid getting infected with spyware. These include:
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Reading the terms and conditions before installing or visiting a website. Alternatively, you can find websites that summarise them more clearly.
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Never click on adverts from unknown or suspicious sources. Be aware of buttons that pretend to close the pop-up window.
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Use a fully updated web browser.
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Use effective antivirus with spyware detection capabilities.
